Hinduism: Details about 'Jaipur'
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Jaipur (Hindi: जयपुर), also popularly known as the Pink City, historically sometimes rendered as Jeypore, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Jaipur is also the capital of Jaipur District. Jaipur is the former capital of a princely state of the same name. The city was founded in 1728 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh, the ruler of Amber. The population in 2003 was approximately 2.7 million. The city was built of pink stucco in imitation of sandstone, and is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets. The city is laid out into six quarters, separated by broad streets 111 ft (34 m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex (the Hawa Mahal, or palace of winds), formal gardens, and a small lake. A fort crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. Another noteworthy building is Jai Singh's observatory, Jantar Mantar.Jaipur, with its rich and colourful past, resplendent with tales of valour and bravery is now one of the most important heritage cities in India, and is a must-see for tourists coming to India. Jaipur is considered by many urbanists to be one of the best planned cities. In the 19th century the city grew rapidly and became prosperous, with a population of 160,000 in 1900, and the city's wide boulevards were paved and lit with gas. Its chief industries were in metals and marble, which are fostered by a school of art, founded in 1868. There was also a wealthy and enterprising community of native bankers. The city had three colleges and several hospitals.
Princely JaipurDuring the British Raj, Jaipur was the capital of a princely state of the same name. Jaipur state, which existed from the twelfth century until Indian Independence in 1947, took its name from the city. It had a total area of 15,579 square miles (40,349 km²) in 1900. The maharajas of Jaipur belonged to the Kachwaha clan of Rajputs, claiming descent from Rama, king of Ayodhya. The state is said to have been founded about 1128 by Dhula Rai, who hailed from Gwalior; he and his Kachwaha kinsmen are said to have absorbed or driven out the petty chiefs. The original capital was Amber. The ruling dynasty of Jaipur provided the Mughal empire with some of their most distinguished generals. Among them were Man Singh, who fought in Orissa and Assam; Jai Singh, commonly known by his imperial title of Mirza Raja, whose name appears in all the wars of Aurangzeb in the Deccan; and Jai Singh II, or Sawai Jai Singh, the famous mathematician and astronomer, and the founder of Jaipur city. Towards the end of the 18th century the Jats of Bharatpur and the chief of Alwar each annexed a portion of the territory of Jaipur. By the end of the eighteenth century the state was in great confusion, distracted by internal broils and impoverished by the exactions of the Marathas. The disputes between the chiefs of Jaipur and Jodhpur had brought both states to the verge of ruin, and Amir Khan, an Afghan adventurer who was leader of the Pindari raiders, was exhausting the country. By a treaty in 1818 the protection of the British was extended to Jaipur and an annual tribute fixed. In 1835 there was a serious disturbance in the city, after which the British government intervened. The state later became well-governed and prosperous. During the Revolt of 1857, the maharaja assisted the British. LocationThe district is situated in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is bound in the north by Sikar and Alwar, in South by Tonk, Ajmer and Sawai Madhopur. Nagaur, Sikar and Ajmer in the west and in east by Bharatpur and Dausa districts. Distance from major cities
Climate and rainfallThe climate of the district is dry and healthy and is subject to extremities of cold and heat during winter and summer respectively, due to proximity to the Thar Desert. The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded in the district varies from 8 to 48 degrees Celsius. Normal annual rainfall is 556 mm. InfrastructureAs Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan state, it is fully equipped with all infrastructural facilities. ElectricityJaipur district receives hydroelectric power from the Chambal Hydel system. 100% of the total of 2,131 villages in the district receive electricity as of March 2000. WaterThe major rivers passing through the Jaipur district are Banas and Banganga. Ground water resources to the extent of about 28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district. Although serious drought is rare, poor water management and exploitation of groundwater with extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in some areas. Road transportJaipur city is the capital of the state and is centrally located. The National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Ahmedabad and No.11, linking Bikaner to Agra passes through Jaipur district to a total length of 366 km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was about 4,102 km as of March 2000. Rail transportJaipur district is connected with metre gauge rail route with Sri Ganganagar, Ajmer, Udaipur and Sirohi. Jaipur is also connected with major centres of neighbouring states such as Agra (Uttar Pradesh), Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Delhi. Recently, Jaipur has been connected to the broad gauge system, enabling direct connections to cities like Sawai Madhopur, Kota, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Bombay, Howrah, Lucknow, Kanpur & Delhi. Air transportJaipur's Sanganer_Airport (IATA: JAI, ICAO: VIJP) offers sporadic service to London, Dublin, Singapore and Dubai. Jaipur also has well connected domestic air links with Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Delhi and Mumbai. Communication facilitiesPost offices 599 Telegraph offices 143 Telecom centres 9 PCOs 859 Telephone exchanges 150 Places to see
Educational facilities/institutionsUniversity of Rajasthan 45 Colleges, 2 Agricultural colleges, 22 Engineering colleges, 2 Polytechnical colleges,1 Medical colleges, 554 Secondary & higher secondary schools,1,460 Higher primary schools, 2,905 Primary schools, 6 ITIs, and 2 Agricultural research centre IndustryNo. of large & medium scale running units: 48 No. of small scale units: 19,544 No. of industrial areas: 19 Bagru, Bassi, Bais Godam, Bindyaka, Dudu, Hirawala, Jetpura, Jhotwara, Kaladera, Kanakpura, Kartarpura, Malviya Nagar, Phulera, Renwal, Sanganeer, Shahpura, Sitapura, Sudarshanpur and Vishwakarma. Main industrial productsJaipur district is a centre for both modern and traditional industry. Acetylene gas, ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) cable, ball bearings, bottling of LPG, ceramics, pottery, cold roll strips, common salt, corrugated boxes, deoiled cakes, durries, dyeing and printing, edible oil, electronic items, engraving on brass items, ferrous and non-ferrous castings, gems and jewellery, general engineering and manufacturing, granite slabs and tiles, hand made paper, handicraft items, halogen auto bulbs, hawai chappals, household electrical appliances, HT steel strips, iodized salt, lamps, laminated springs for railways, marble statues, marble tiles & slabs, moulded plastic components for electronics, perfumes, pigment colours, plastic containers, P.P. multifilament yarn, PVC cables, PVC doors, PVC footwear, canvas shoes, nitrochlorobenzene, oxygen gas, Portland cement, readymade garments, re-roller products, steel furniture, steel ingots, stone grits, synthetic leather, synthetic suits & shirts, tablets and capsules, two way radio and line, washing soap, wheat maida, suji, atta, woollen carpet, refined vegetable oil and vanaspati ghee. Export itemsBrass and lacquer work, enamel work, gems and jewellery, granite tiles, handloom, marble statues, printed cloth and textiles, readymade garments and woollen carpets.
This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain.
Jaipur Jaipur जयपुर 자이푸르mr:जयपूर Jaipur Dźajpur Jaipur Džaipur Jaipur Jaipurta:ஜெய்ப்பூர் |
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