Hinduism: Details about 'Genealogy Of Scripts Derived From Proto Sinaitic'

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Nearly all the segmental scripts ("alphabets", but see below for more precise terminology) used around the globe were apparently derived from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. This includes the alphabet this is written in (the Latin alphabet) — forms of which are used today to write numerous languages — but also such disparate cousins as the writing systems of Hebrew, Arabic, both Germanic and Hungarian runes, Ethiopic, Devanagari writing of India, the native scripts of the Philippines and Indonesia, and perhaps Cree 'syllabics' and Korean hangul.

The first Middle Bronze Age alphabets were adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs. A possibly independent alphabet, the Meroitic alphabet, was also adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs, and therefore may be a cousin to the Proto-Sinaitic family.

Notes: The dates are intended to show the approximate 'birthdate' of a script; however in many cases (marked by 'c.') they are widely approximate, and may be off even by centuries. In several cases, the development of one script into another was a gradual process over several centuries, that is difficult to pin down with precision. Following that, in parentheses, is the name of one or two modern countries corresponding to the region where the script was first widely used. In a few cases, a direct graphic letter-to-letter correspondence cannot be precisely established between a 'parent script' and its children, making the exact placement of some family members somewhat controversial, eg. in the case of the Tibetan or Georgian alphabets. Much of the information here was compiled from the and websites, which do not always



agree. Despite many of these scripts commonly being called "alphabets", the recent linguistic classifications of abugidas and semi-syllabaries are shown in Italic; the others are abjads or alphabets proper. Many of these scripts are no longer widely used for writing any language today, having been abandoned in favor of others; those that still are, have been marked with '*' .

Genealogy

  • 0. Wadi el-Ħôl to Proto-Sinaitic - c. 2000 BC (Egypt)
    • 1. Ugaritic abjad - c. 1200 BC (Syria)
    • 2. Proto-Canaanite abjad - c. 1200 BC (Israel)
      • 2.1. Phoenician / Palaeo-Hebrew abjad - c. 1000 BC (Lebanon, Israel)
        • 2.1.1. Aramaic abjad - c. 900 BC (Syria)
          • 2.1.1.1. Brahmi abugida - c. 500 BC (N. India)
            • 2.1.1.1.1. Cham abugida - c. 200 AD (Vietnam, Cambodia) *
            • 2.1.1.1.2. Gupta abugida - c. 400 AD (N. India)
              • 2.1.1.1.2.1. Siddham abugida - c. 600 (N. India) *
                • 2.1.1.1.2.2. Tibetan abugida - c. 650 (Tibet) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.1. Phagspa alphabet - 1269 (Mongolia)
                    • 2.1.1.1.2.2.1.1. Hangul alphabet - 1442 (Korea) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2. Lepcha abugida - c. 1700 (Bhutan) *
              • 2.1.1.1.2.2. Nagari abugida - c. 750 (India)
                • 2.1.1.1.2.2.1. Bengali abugida - c. 1050 (E. India, Bangladesh) *
                • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2. Devanagari abugida - c. 1100 (India) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.1. Newari / Ranjana abugida - c. 1150 (Nepal) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.2. Modi abugida - c. 1600 (India)
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.3. Gujarati abugida - c. 1500 (India) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.4. Soyombo abugida - c. 1686 (Mongolia) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.5. Cree abugida - 1841 (Canada) *
              • 2.1.1.1.2.3. Sharada abugida - c. 770 (Pakistan)
                • Gurmukhi abugida - c. 1539 (Pakistan, N. India) *
            • 2.1.1.1.3. Pallava abugida - c. 400 (S. India)
              • 2.1.1.1.3.1. Khmer abugida - c. 600 (Cambodia) *
                • 2.1.1.1.3.1.1. Thai abugida - 1283 (Thailand) *
                  • 2.1.1.1.3.1.1.1. Lao abugida - c.



                    1350 (Laos) *
              • 2.1.1.1.3.2. Mon abugida - c. 700 (Burma) *
              • 2.1.1.1.3.3. Old Kawi abugida - c. 775 (Indonesia)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.1. Balinese abugida - c. 1000 (Indonesia)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.2. Batak abugida - c. 1300 (Indonesia)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.3. Baybayin abugida - c. 1350 (Philippines)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.4. Buhid abugida - c. 1400 (Philippines)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.5. Hanunóo abugida - c. 1400 (Philippines)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.6. Tagbanwa abugida - c. 1400 (Philippines)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.7. Buginese abugida - c. 1600 (Indonesia)
                • 2.1.1.1.3.3.8. Kaganga abugida - ? (Indonesia)
            • 2.1.1.1.4. Kadamba abugida - c. 450 (S India)
            • 2.1.1.1.5. Kalinga abugida - c. 500 (E India)
            • 2.1.1.1.6. Grantha abugida - c. 500 (S India)
              • 2.1.1.1.6.1. Sinhala abugida - c. 700 (Sri Lanka) *
                • 2.1.1.1.6.1.1. Dhives Akuru abugida - c. 1100 (Maldives)
              • 2.1.1.1.6.2. Tamil abugida - c. 700 (India, Sri Lanka) *
                • 2.1.1.1.6.2.1. Sourashtra abugida - c. 1900 (S. India) *
              • 2.1.1.1.6.3. Malayalam abugida - c. 1100 (S. India) *
            • 2.1.1.1.7. Tocharian abugida - c. 500
            • 2.1.1.1.8. Ahom abugida - c. 1250 AD (E. India)
          • 2.1.1.2. Modern Hebrew abjad - c. 300 BC (Israel) *
          • 2.1.1.3. Pahlavi / Middle Persian abjad - c. 250 BC (Iran)
            • 2.1.1.3.1. Psalter Pahlavi abjad - c. 400 AD (NW China)
            • 2.1.1.3.2. Avestan alphabet - c. 250 AD (Iran)
          • 2.1.1.4. Kharosthi abugida - c. 250 BC (Pakistan, Afghanistan)
          • 2.1.1.5. Parthian abjad - c. 200 BC (Iran)
          • 2.1.1.6. Syriac abjad - c. 1 AD (Syria, Iran) *
            • 2.1.1.6.1. Sogdian abjad - c. 100 (Uzbekistan)
              • 2.1.1.6.1.1. Georgian alphabet - c. 100 ? (Georgia) *
              • 2.1.1.6.1.2. Orkhon alphabet - c. 700 (Mongolia)
                • 2.1.1.6.1.2.1. Old Hungarian alphabet - c. 900 (Hungary)
              • 2.1.1.6.1.3. Uyghur alphabet - c. 1000 (NW China)
                • 2.1.1.6.1.3.1. Mongolian alphabet - c. 1100 (Mongolia) *
                  • 2.1.1.6.1.3.1.1. Manchu alphabet - 1599 (NE China)
                • 2.1.1.6.1.3.2. Todo alphabet - 1649 (NW China) *
          • 2.1.1.7. Nabatean abjad - c. 50 AD (Jordan)
            • 2.1.1.7.1. Arabic abjad - c. 400 (Jordan, N. Arabia) *
          • 2.1.1.8. Mandaic alphabet - c. 100 AD (Iran) *
        • 2.1.2. Samaritan abjad - c. 600 BC (Israel) *
        • 2.1.3. Greek alphabet - c. 800 BC (Greece) *
          • 2.1.3.1. Cumae alphabet - c. 750 BC (Greece, Italy)
            • 2.1.3.1.1. Etruscan alphabet - c. 725 BC (Italy)
              • 2.1.3.1.1.1. Venetic alphabet - c. 700 BC (Italy)
                • 2.1.3.1.1.1.1. Runic alphabet - c. 150 AD (Germany, Scandinavia)
              • 2.1.3.1.1.2. Latin alphabet - c. 600 BC (Italy) *
                • 2.1.3.1.1.2.1. Faliscan alphabet - c. 400 BC (Italy)
              • 2.1.3.1.1.3. Oscan alphabet - c. 600 BC (Italy)
            • 2.1.3.1.2. Messapic alphabet - c. 550 BC (Italy)
          • 2.1.3.2. Coptic alphabet - c. 200 BC (Egypt) *
          • 2.1.3.3. Gothic alphabet - c. 350 AD (Ukraine)
          • 2.1.3.4. Armenian alphabet - 405 (Armenia) *
          • 2.1.3.5. Glagolitic alphabet - 863 (Bulgaria)
            • 2.1.3.5.1. Cyrillic alphabet - c. 900 (Bulgaria) *
              • 2.1.3.5.1.1. Abur / Old Permic writing - 1372 (Siberia)
        • 2.1.4. Iberian semi-alphabetic syllabary - c. 600 BC (Spain, Portugal)
          • 2.1.4.1. Celtiberian semi-alphabetic syllabary - c. 500 BC (N. Spain)
        • 2.1.5. Tifinagh abjad - c. 250 BC (NW Africa) *
          • 2.1.5.1. Neo-Tifinagh alphabet - 20th century (Morocco) *
      • 2.2. South Arabian abjad - c. 600 BC (S. Arabia)
        • 2.2.1. Old Geez abjad - c. 500 BC (Ethiopia)
          • 2.2.1.1. Ge'ez abugida - c. 300 AD (Ethiopia) *
        • 2.2.2. Thamudic abjad - c. 200 BC (N. Arabia)

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Genealogy_of_scripts_derived_from_Proto-Sinaitic". A list of the wikipedia authors can be found here.