Desi (pronounced ˈd̪e.si, ˈd̪e.ʃi, or ˈd̪ɦe.ʃi, and alternatively spelled Deshi), is a term used by South Asians to refer to themselves (in a manner that avoids any allusion to the specific state of origin and pointing to a common broader identity). This is also the name of the subculture found amongst the South Asian diaspora.

South Asia refers to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives, but the diaspora spreads from Fiji to Trinidad, from Kenya to the Persian Gulf, from South Africa to Guyana, from Southall in Britain to Queens, New York, and many places in between.

The term comes from a Sanskrit word ( देशः ) "Desh" ("nation" or "the motherland"), borrowed by most South Asian languages. It means "countryman" and it is used even amongst people who may have roots in a different country from them. Amongst people from the Indian subcontinent, especially in English-speaking First World countries, this term refers to the blend of cultures and identity of the South Asian communities, crossing national and cultural boundaries that separated them in their ancestral countries. Moreover, many of their ancestors left the Subcontinent before its partition or some of them have mixed Desi background and consequently don't relate to a single native country. South Asians living outside South Asia now refer to anything or anyone related to their countries or culture as Desi or Deshi e.g., Desi refers to a Pakistani or Indian or Bangladeshi and so on, Desi food refers to food like rice, curry, dhal, dosa, idli, roti, chapathi etc. Desi dance can refer to classical dances like Bharathnatyam, Luddi, Kuchipudi, to popular dances in the movies, to Punjabi dance, Raas, Bhangra, folk dances, Bhangra beat, desi hip-hop, filmi remixes, etc.

It is an umbrella label for a very racially/ culturally/ linguistically/ religiously/ geographically and otherwise diverse group of people, similar to a term like "Latina" or "Latino", or "people of the African diaspora". Indians may not want to be lumped with Malaysians, for instance, or Pakistanis may

Evolution of the Desi identity

The Indian subcontinent is linguistically and religiously diverse. Socialization and marriage often occur among one's own community; in other words, among people with the same religion, language, and, often for Hindus and others, caste. But the early emigrants from South Asia to the USA, the United Kingdom, and Canada found themselves a small minority in a very different culture, and found cultural commonalities with other fellow South Asians.

Their children grew up in a mostly Western cultural environment, augmented by Indian, Pakistani, and other South Asian influences limited to the home and when amongst family friends within the expatriate community. This group shares many experiences being caught between Western and South Asian cultures, often including being members of minority religions (e.g. Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism) unrepresented in popular media and unfamilar to most people surrounding them.

There are some people from India who consider that the term Desi applies only for South Asians originally from this country. This point of view is targeted for the non-inclusion of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. The main argument is that Desi is a Sanskrit word (pertaining to the Vedic tradition) therefore its use should be limited to Dharmic people (opinion rooted in the bitter history of the last century). However, the vernacular use of the word for all South Asians is even boosted by the improvement in Indo-Pakistani relations, the rising importance of SAARC, the coming of age of new generations of Desis.

Desi literature

The list of Desi writers range from the classical style writings of RK Narayan to the more contemporary Anita Desai, Gita Mehta, Arundhati Roy, Raj Kamal Jha. In recent times Suketu Mehta (Maximum City), Mitra Kalita (Suburban Sahibs), Monica Ali (Brick Lane) and Jhumpa Lahiri (Namesake) have

Salman Rushdie (Midnight's Children), Vikram Seth (A Suitable Boy) are Desi writers who have found a global readership. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (Mistress of Spices) has made waves. Over the past decade Desi writing has become bold e.g., Arundhati Roy (God of Small Things) and now the writers do not feel the need to explain the use of Desi terms that are liberally used in their stories.

DesiLit was founded in 2004, and works to build support for South Asian and diaspora writers by: enhancing public awareness of their work through local readings and events, creating opportunities for new and aspiring Desi writers to learn from others in the field and develop their work, through workshops and classes, and developing a supportive community among those interested in South Asian literature.

Music

A unique style of music has arisen amongst the Desi communities of the United Kingdom. Artists like Panjabi MC (who has an album called Desi) and Apache Indian have mixed the style of Indian music played along with bhangra dance with hip hop and reggae, and used a mix of the English and Punjabi languages, and have often spoken about the experience of being caught between two cultures.Similarly Indian duo, Kanchan and Babla covered popular songs of the Trinidadian genre of "Chutney music" by Sundar Popo, which fused Caribbean and Indian melodies and was sung in Hindi and Bhojpuri. The Pakistani group, Junoon (two of whose members were brought up in America) mixes traditional Pakistani folk music, Sufi poetry, and Rock and Roll. A. R. Rahman, one of the most popular Desi artists, blends classical south indian and hindustani music with western music to give some quintessential contemporary Desi music.

MTV is now launching MTV Desi in the United States. This could lead to increased popularity of the term Desi in American vernacular.

Institutions

As the South Asian college population increased, South Asian student organizations became increasingly common, organizing parties and social events catering to South Asian increased, and Bhangra dance groups started forming. As the first large generation of American-raised South Asians started working, professional groups started forming in the mid 1990's including the , and the . A group of homosexual Desis formed a support group for LGBT desis called .

Desis Rising Up and Moving!www.drumnation.org andDRUM creates social change through community education, grassroots campaigns, and coalition building. Since enactment of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, the number of detainees under INS authority has risen from approximately 3,000 to 30,000. DRUM launched the "INS De-Detention Campaign" to raise public awareness, build the leadership of detainees and families, and repeal the 1996 law. "On a broader level, the campaign exposes institutional xenophobia and racism in the United States against immigrants and people of color through the exponentially growing INS detention system." DRUM runs a visitation program to local INS detention centers to provide translation services, legal referrals, case advocacy, and access to housing and employment upon release. DRUM hosts monthly gatherings for families of detainees, offers free immigration law clinics and informational forums. DRUM's YouthPower! program develops working class immigrant youth, ages 16 to 21, as community organizers.

is a free, confidential, nonprofit organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area, that helps South Asian women facing conflict or crisis. They have recently started a Support Group and provide Individual Counseling for their victims.

ASATA, the Alliance of South Asians Taking Action, is a San Francisco Bay Area group working to educate, organize, and empower the Bay Area South Asian communities to end violence, oppression, racism and exploitation within and against our diverse communities.Since 2000, we’ve been engaged in campaigns around racism and anti-immigrant sentiment, immigration justice, gender-based exploitation, and peace in South Asia and the United States.

Stereotypes of Desis

Desis have had to struggle with being portrayed with a single image of them. This reflects in daily life, mainstream media and even in education. Though this is a struggle, many Desis are working hard to break down these stereotypes.

See also

• American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD)
• Fresh off the boat
• Bangladeshi American
• Indian American
• Pakistani American
• British Asian
• Indo-Canadian
• Pakistani Canadian
• Indo-Caribbean
• Asians in South Africa
• Indian Malaysian
• Indian Singaporean
• Indo-Fijian
• Non-Resident Indian (NRI)
• DESI Develop Empower Synergize India
• Team Brown
• South Asians in Hong Kong

Desi Desigu:દેસો देसीpa:ਦੇਸੀ