The Cemetery H culture developed out of the northern part of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BC, in and around the Punjab region. It was named after a cemetery found in "area H" at Harappa.

The distinguishing features of this culture include:

• The use of cremation of human remains. The bones were stored in painted pottery burial urns. This is completely different to the Indus civilization where bodies were buried in
  
  
  
  wooden coffins. This burial practice is not vedic and may be Mazdean/ Zoroastrian.
• Reddish pottery, painted in black with antelopes, peacocks etc., sun or star motifs, with different surface treatments to the earlier period.
• Expansion of settlements into the east.
• Use of new crops such as rice.
• Apparent breakdown of the widespread trade of the Indus civilization, with materials such as marine shells no longer used.
• Continued use of mud brick for building.

The archaeologist Kenoyer noted that this culture "may only reflect a change in the focus of settlement organization from that which was the pattern of the earlier Harapppan phase and not cultural discontinuity, urban decay, invading aliens, or site abandonment, all of which have been suggested in the past." (Kenoyer 1991: 56).

Remains of the culture have been dated from about 1900 BCE until about 1300 BCE. Together with the Gandhara grave culture and the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture, it is considered by some scholars a nucleus of Iron Age Vedic civilization.

References

• Kenoyer, J.M. 1991. Urban Process in the Indus Tradition: A Preliminary Mmodel from Harappa. In Harappa Ecavations 1986-1990. (ed. R. Meadow). Madision, Wis.:Prehistory.