Hinduism: Details about 'Ayyavazhi Theology'
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home
|
Ayyavazhi theology is the theology of the growing South Indian religious faith and officially an offshoot of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. Several fundamental beliefs distinguish the Ayyavazhi tradition from mainstream Hinduism.
Ayya Vaikundar as the incarnation of MayonSeveral episodes, as narrated in the Akilam (the holy text of Ayyavazhi), describe Ayya Vaikundar as an avatar of Mayon (a Tamil name for Vishnu). All these episodes — starting with his 'birth' at sea as the 'son' of Mayon, the performance of the grand Tavam , the symbolic shamanic actions of incinerating the demons, the seizing of esoteric powers, and the unifying of the deities unto himself — highlight the important message that Ayya Vaikundar came as the avatar of Mayon. The followers of Ayyavazhi believe and worship him as a deity, the incarnation of Mayon. (see: Ayyavazhi Trinity) Ayya Vaikundar as the supreme deityIn Ayyavazhi, Ayya Vaikundar is considered the supreme deity and an incarnation of Mayon. Due to this belief, the followers of Ayyavazhi seem to have taken him to be the centre of all divinities. He was the incarnation, not only of Thirumal, but also of Sivan and Brahma as well. In order to demonstrate that he was the supreme deity of the present age, Ayya Vaikundar not only performed symbolic marriages in which all surrounding popular deities were surrendered and unified unto himself, he also did away with refractory evil spirits. (see:Ayyavazhi Trinity) Belief in the return of Ayya VaikundarAfter the end of the earthly life of Ayya Vaikundar, the tied-up palm leaf text Akilattirattu Ammanai was opened and there found many instructions and concepts for Ayyavazhi. It says that Ayya Vaikundar will return during the final judgement.The part Naduttheervai Ula in Arul Nool describes it clearly. A verse that occurs in Pathiram of Arul Nool states: "Breaking the earth, I will come to give you counsel". Another verse that occurs in Thinkalppatham of Arul Nool states: "From out of the earthen cell, I will come out". Both of these verses point to the prevalence of this belief among the followers of Ayyavazhi. Kali or KalimayaiBelief in Kali Yuga is one of the central beliefs that permeated the religious ethos of the followers of Ayyavazhi. Though the belief in kali was in vogue in the sanskritic Hindu religious tradition as well, it seems to have operated in a different way in Ayyavazhi because of the reinterpretation . Taking the basic premise of this extant belief that the present age is a Kali Yukam, an age filled with the evil force of kali (not the Hindu deity), Ayyavazhi assigned a new meaning to it. As per the interpretation of Ayyavazhi, Kali entered into this world as a consequence of the birth of Kalineesan, the last fragment of the primordial Kroni, a mythical being. Kalineesan, who settled on earth to reign over the age of Kali as the king of Thiruvithankur, became the visible representation of the evil force of Kali, oppressing the people because of this Kalimayai. People, groaning under the oppressive measures of Kalineesan, believed in Ayya Vaikundar as the God-incarnate who had come to destroy the Kali (not the Hindu deity) and put an end to the Kali Yukam. Belief in fate and curseBelief in 'fate' seems to have a great influence on the day-to-day living of the followers of Ayyavazhi. An oft-repeated refrain in Akilattirattu is that "such and such a thing happened according to the 'Oolivithi' (fate accruing from the past)". Belief in 'sabam' (curse), an associate of fate, seems to have been embedded in the ethos of Ayyavazhi. A fitting example would be the reason given in Akilattirattu for the oppression that the Chanars underwent in history. Akilattirattu attributes it to a curse incurred by the ancestors of Chanars from one of the kings of Thiruvithankur at his deathbed." Belief in final judgementOne of the constant refrains found in Akilattirattu is that Ayya Vaikundar had come to judge the Kalineesan and all those living under the illusion of kali. It portrays Ayya Vaikundar as the interrogator of the Kalineesan on the day of his Judgement. This episode points to the familiarity of the belief in Judgement among the followers of Ayyavazhi. A verse from Arul Nool, stating that "when I interrogate you during the Judgement, be prepared to respond", points to the existence of this belief. The subsection entitled Nadutheervai Ula (literally meaning 'The Journey to Final Judgement') found in Arul Nool, giving a number of signs to discern the time of the Judgement, confirms the existence of this belief. Belief in attaining VaikundamAnother belief of Ayyavazhi is that Ayya Vaikundar did not end his life here on earth but only attained vaikundam, the heaven for the worshippers of Ayya Vaikundar. Akilattirattu states that not only did Ayya Vaikundar attained Vaikundam, it is possible for everyone to attain it. The followers buried, and even now still bury, their dead in a sitting posture facing the northern direction, a symbolic gesture of performing Tavam. Their belief is that the deceased person had only embarked upon a penance and that he or she would eventually reach vaikundam. Belief in the dawn of Dharma YukamA belief in the dawn of Dharma Yukam (a futuristic aeon characterized by the ideal of Dharmam, as explained below) seems to have influenced the tradition of Ayyavazhi from its earlier days. Akilattirattu begins its narration by stating that the accounts contained in it is the "story of God coming into this Kali Yukam to transform it into Dharma Yukam and rule over it." The concept of Dharma Yukam becomes one of the root typologies around which the writing of Akilattirattu revolves. This belief seems to be echoed as a 'Slogan for a New World'. People that gathered around Ayya Vaikundar were familiarized with the slogan that 'Ayya Vaikundar was going to end things that were old and create things anew'. Akilattirattu says that "he was going to make the old Sasthrankal and traditions go awry". It continues to say that with the advent of Ayya Vaikundaras avatar of Narayana, "the old Puranas, Agamas and Vedas had lost their substance". In the place of all that had been decadent, it was proclaimed that "a new age, new earth, new humanity, new thought, etc., had been unfolding". As part of the process of unfolding the New World, people were enjoined to serve as catalysts for the destruction of kali. They were instructed to do so by transforming themselves so as to acquire a new character and be a 'people of Dharma Yukam'. Indicators as to the new identity of the people of Dharma Yukam were proposed. Akilattirattu speaks of these indicators summarily in the following words:
See also
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||